Igama lezinto: I-Polyamide, Inayiloni (PA)
Umsuka kanye Nezimpawu
I-Polyamides, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi iNylon, enegama lesiNgisi elithi Polyamide (PA) kanye nokuminyana okungu-1.15g/cm3, ayizinhlanga ze-thermoplastic ezineqembu le-amide eliphindaphindiwe -- [NHCO] -- ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwamangqamuzana, okuhlanganisa i-aliphatic PA, aliphatic I-PA kanye ne-PA enamakha.
Izinhlobo ze-Aliphatic PA ziningi, zinesivuno esikhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi.Igama layo linqunywa inombolo ethile yama-athomu ekhabhoni ku-monoma yokwenziwa.Yasungulwa ngusokhemisi odumile waseMelika uCarothers kanye nethimba lakhe locwaningo lwesayensi.
Inayiloni igama le-polyamide fiber (i-polyamide), engenziwa ibe imicu ende noma emifushane.Inayiloni igama lokuhweba le-polyamide fiber, eyaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni.I-Polyamide (PA) i-aliphatic Polyamide ehlanganiswe ndawonye nge-amide bond [NHCO].
Isakhiwo samangqamuzana
Imicu yenayiloni evamile ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili.
Ikilasi le-polyhexylenediamine adipate litholakala ngokufingqa kwe-diamine ne-diacid.Ifomula yesakhiwo samakhemikhali ye-molecule yayo yeketanga ende imi kanje:H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Isisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene salolu hlobo lwe-polyamide ngokuvamile singu-17000-23000.
Imikhiqizo ehlukene ye-polyamide ingatholwa ngokwenani lama-athomu ekhabhoni ama-amine kanambambili nama-diacids asetshenzisiwe, futhi ingahlukaniswa ngenombolo engezwe ku-polyamide, lapho inombolo yokuqala iyinombolo yama-athomu ekhabhoni ama-amine kanambambili, kanti eyesibili inombolo inani lama-athomu e-carbon of diacids.Isibonelo, i-polyamide 66 ikhombisa ukuthi yenziwa nge-polycondensation ye-hexylenediamine ne-adipic acid.Inayiloni 610 ikhombisa ukuthi yenziwe nge-hexylenediamine ne-sebacic acid.
Enye itholakala nge-caprolactam polycondensation noma i-polymerization yokuvula indandatho.Ifomula yesakhiwo samakhemikhali yama-molecule ayo amaketanga amade imi kanje:H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Ngokusho kwenani lama-athomu e-carbon esakhiweni seyunithi, amagama ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene angatholakala.Isibonelo, i-polyamide 6 ibonisa ukuthi itholakala nge-cyclo-polymerization ye-caprolactam equkethe ama-athomu e-carbon angu-6.
I-Polyamide 6, i-polyamide 66 kanye neminye imicu ye-aliphatic polyamide yonke yenziwe ngama-macromolecules aqondile ane-amide bond (-NHCO-).Ama-molecule we-polyamide fiber ane -CO-, -NH- amaqembu, angakha izibopho ze-hydrogen kuma-molecule noma ama-molecule, angaphinde ahlanganiswe namanye ama-molecule, ngakho-ke ikhono le-polyamide fiber hygroscopic lingcono, futhi lingakha isakhiwo se-crystal esingcono.
Ngenxa yokuthi i -CH2-(methylene) ku-polyamide molecule ingakhiqiza amandla abuthakathaka e-van der Waals kuphela, i-curl ye-molecular chain yengxenye yengxenye -CH2- inkulu.Ngenxa yenani elihlukile le-CH2- yanamuhla, amafomu okubopha amabhondi e-hydrogen aphakathi kwamangqamuzana awafani ngokuphelele, futhi amathuba okuba ama-molecular crimping nawo ahlukile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-molecule e-polyamide anokuqondisa.I-orientation yama-molecule ihlukile, futhi izakhiwo ze-fiber azifani ncamashi.
Isakhiwo Se-Morphological And Application
Ifayibha ye-polyamide etholwe ngokuncibilika kwendlela yokuphotha inesigaba esiphambanayo esiyindilinga futhi ayinasakhiwo esikhethekile se-longitudinal.Izicubu ze-filamentous fibrillar zingabonwa ngaphansi kwe-electron microscope, futhi ububanzi be-fibril be-polyamide 66 bungaba ngu-10-15nm.Isibonelo, i-polyamide fiber ene-spinneret emise okukhethekile ingenziwa ibe yizigaba ezihlukahlukene ezimise okukhethekile, njenge-polygonal, emise okweqabunga, engenalutho nokunye.Isakhiwo sayo sombuso esigxilile sihlobene eduze nokwelula nokwelashwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokuphotha.
Umgogodla we-macromolecular wemicu ehlukene ye-polyamide yakhiwe ama-athomu e-carbon ne-nitrogen.
I-fiber emise okwephrofayili ingashintsha ukunwebeka kwefayibha, yenze i-fiber ibe nempahla ekhethekile ecwebezelayo kanye ne-puffing, ithuthukise indawo yokubamba i-fiber kanye nekhono lokumboza, imelane namaphilisi, inciphise ugesi omile nokunye.Okufana ne-triangle fiber inomphumela we-flash;I-fiber enamaqabunga amahlanu inokucwebezela kokukhanya kwamafutha, ukuzwa kahle kwesandla kanye nokulwa nokupiliswa;I-fiber engenalutho ngenxa yomgodi wangaphakathi, ukuminyana okuncane, ukulondolozwa kahle kokushisa.
I-Polyamide inezakhiwo ezinhle ezihlanganisa izinto ezihlanganisa imishini, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukumelana namakhemikhali nokuzithambisa, i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, i-flame retardant ngokwezinga elithile, ukucutshungulwa kalula, futhi ifanele ukuguqulwa okuqinisiwe nge-glass fiber nezinye izigcwalisi, ukuze ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokwandisa ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Polyamide inezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-PA6, i-PA66, i-PAll, i-PA12, i-PA46, i-PA610, i-PA612, i-PA1010, njll., kanye ne-semi-aromatic PA6T kanye neyiloni ekhethekile eyakhiwe eminyakeni yamuva.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-14-2022