Igama lezinto: I-polyester
Umsuka kanye Nezimpawu
I-polyester fiber, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-polyester".Kuyifayibha yokwenziwa eyenziwe ngokuphotha i-polyester eyenziwe nge-polycondensation ye-organic diacid ne-diol, emfushane ku-PET fiber, okuyingxenye yamangqamuzana aphezulu.Yasungulwa ngo-1941, okwamanje iyinhlobonhlobo enkulu ye-synthetic fiber.Inzuzo enkulu yefiber ye-polyester ukumelana nokushwabana nokugcinwa komumo kuhle kakhulu, kunamandla aphezulu kanye nekhono lokululama elinwebekayo.Ukuqina kwayo okuqinile, okulwa nokushwabana nokunga-ayina, izinwele ezinganamatheli.
I-polyester (PET) fiber iwuhlobo lwefayibha yokwenziwa eyakhiwe ngamaketanga ahlukahlukene eketango le-macromolecular elixhunywe iqembu le-ester bese liphothwa ku-fiber polymer.E-China, imicu equkethe ngaphezu kuka-85% i-polyethylene terephthalate ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyester ngamafuphi.Kunamagama amaningi ezimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe, njengeDacron yase-United States, i-Tetoron yaseJapane, i-Terlenka yase-United Kingdom, i-Lavsan yase-Soviet Union yangaphambili, njll.
Kusukela ngo-1894, i-Vorlander yenza ama-polyester anesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana nge-succinyl chloride ne-ethylene glycol.I-Einkorn yenza i-polycarbonate ngo-1898;I-Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: I-polyester eyakhiwe eminyakeni yokuqala iningi le-aliphatic compound, isisindo sayo se-molecular esihlobene nendawo yokuncibilika kuphansi, kulula ukuncibilika emanzini, ngakho-ke ayinalo inani le-textile fiber.Ngo-1941, u-Whinfield no-Dickson eBrithani bahlanganisa i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kusukela ku-dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) kanye ne-ethylene glycol (EG), i-polymer engase isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza imicu enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ngokuncibilika kokuphotha.Ngo-1953, i-United States yaqala yamisa ifekthri ukuze ikhiqize i-PET fiber, ngokomfanekiso, i-PET fiber iwuhlobo lwefayibha ethuthukisiwe sekwephuzile phakathi kwemicu emikhulu yokwenziwa.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-organic synthesis, isayensi ye-polymer kanye nezimboni, izinhlobonhlobo zemicu ye-PET esebenzayo enezakhiwo ezihlukile iye yathuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva.
Okufana ne-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber kanye ne-polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber ene-stretch elasticity ephezulu, i-polyester fiber egcwele enamakha enamandla amakhulu kanye ne-modulus ephezulu, njll. : okuthiwa "i-polyester fiber" ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
I-polyester fiber inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, njengamandla aphezulu okuphuka kanye ne-elastic modulus, ukuqina okulinganiselwe, umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokusetha okushisayo, ukushisa okuhle nokumelana nokukhanya.I-polyester fibre melting point ingu-255 ℃ noma ngaphezulu, izinga lokushisa lengilazi elishintshayo licishe libe ngu-70 ℃, endaweni ebanzi yezimo zokusetshenziswa kokuphela komumo ozinzile, ukugeza kwendwangu nokumelana nokugqoka, ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi inomphumela omuhle kakhulu (njengokumelana ne-solvent ephilayo. , insipho, okokuhlanza, isixazululo se-bleach, i-oxidant) kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, i-asidi ebuthakathaka, i-alkali, njengokuzinza, ngaleyo ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi isetshenziswa ezimbonini.Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-petroleum, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyester fiber ukuhlinzeka ngezinto eziluhlaza ezichichimayo nezishibhile, kuhlangene namakhemikhali, umshini, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula i-elekthronikhi eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, njengempahla eluhlaza ukukhiqiza, ukwakhiwa kwe-fiber. futhi inqubo machining kancane kancane kuzuzwe short-range, okuqhubekayo, isivinini high kanye ezishintshayo, polyester fibre isibe isivinini ethuthukayo esheshayo, izinhlobo ikhiqiza kakhulu fibre zokwenziwa.Ngo-2010, ukukhiqizwa kwefayibha ye-polyester emhlabeni wonke kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-37.3, okwenza u-74% wokukhiqizwa kwefayibha yokwenziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Izakhiwo Zomzimba
1) Umbala.I-polyester ngokuvamile i-opalescent ene-mercerization.Ukuze ukhiqize imikhiqizo ye-matte, engeza i-matte TiO2 ngaphambi kokuphotha;ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo emhlophe ehlanzekile, engeza i-ejenti emhlophe;ukukhiqiza usilika onemibala, engeza umbala noma udayi ekuncibilikeni kokuphotha.
2) Umumo wesigaba esingaphezulu nesiphambano.Ingaphezulu le-polyester evamile libushelelezi futhi ingxenye yesiphambano icishe ibe yindilinga.Isibonelo, i-fiber enesimo esikhethekile sesigaba, esifana ne-triangular, i-Y-shaped, i-hollow kanye nezinye i-silika yesigaba esikhethekile, ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-spinneret emise okukhethekile.
3) Ukuminyana.Uma i-polyester i-amorphous ngokuphelele, ukuminyana kwayo kungu-1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 uma icwebezelwe ngokugcwele.Ngokuvamile, i-polyester ine-crystallinity ephezulu kanye nokuminyana kwe-1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3, okufana noboya (1.32g/cm3).
4) Izinga lokubuyisela umswakama.Ukubuyiswa komswakama we-polyester esimeni esijwayelekile kungu-0.4%, okungaphansi kwalokho kwe-acrylic (1% ~ 2%) kanye ne-polyamide (4%).I-polyester ine-hygroscopicity ephansi, ngakho amandla ayo amanzi ayancipha kancane, futhi indwangu iyagezeka;Kodwa isenzakalo sikagesi omile sibucayi lapho sicutshungulwa futhi sigqokwa, ukuphefumula kwendwangu kanye ne-hygroscopicity kubi.
5) Ukusebenza okushisayo.Iphoyinti lokuthambisa T le-polyester lingu-230-240 ℃, indawo yokuncibilika i-Tm ingu-255-265 ℃, kanti indawo yokubola T icishe ibe ngu-300 ℃.I-polyester ingasha emlilweni, isonge futhi inyibilike ibe ubuhlalu, nentuthu emnyama nephunga.
I-6) Ukumelana nokukhanya.Ukumelana kwayo nokukhanya kungokwesibili kuphela kwe-acrylic fiber.Ukumelana nokukhanya kwe-dacron kuhlobene nesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana.I-Dacron inebhande eliqinile lokumunca kuphela endaweni yegagasi elikhanyayo elingu-315nm, ngakho amandla ayo alahlekelwa kuphela u-60% ngemva kwamahora angu-600 okukhanya kwelanga, okufana nokotini.
7) Ukusebenza kukagesi.I-Polyester inokungaqhubeki kahle ngenxa ye-hygroscopicity yayo ephansi, futhi ukungaguquguquki kwayo kwe-dielectric ebangeni elingu- -100~+160℃ ingu-3.0~3.8, okuyenza ibe isivikelo esihle kakhulu.
Izakhiwo Zemishini
1) Ukuqina okuphezulu.Amandla omile ayengu-4~7cN/ DEX, kuyilapho amandla okumanzi ehla.
2) Ubude obumaphakathi, 20%~50%.
3) Imoduli ephezulu.Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemicu yokwenziwa, i-modulus yokuqala ye-polyester iphakeme kakhulu, engafinyelela ku-14 ~ 17GPa, okwenza indwangu ye-polyester izinzile ngosayizi, i-non-deformation, non-deformation futhi iqinile ekuncengeni.
4) Ukuqina okuhle.Ukunwebeka kwayo kusondele kuvolo, futhi uma inwetshwa ngo-5%, icishe ilulame ngokuphelele ngemva kokucishwa kukagesi.Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokushwabana kwendwangu ye-polyester kungcono kunezinye izindwangu ze-fiber.
I-5) Ukumelana nokugqoka.Ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka kungokwesibili kuphela kuneyiloni, futhi ngaphezu kweminye imicu yokwenziwa, ukumelana nokugqoka kucishe kufane.
Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali
Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali e-polyester ikakhulukazi kuncike ekwakhekeni kweketanga lamangqamuzana.I-polyester inokumelana okuhle kwamanye ama-reagents ngaphandle kokungazweli kahle kwe-alkali.
Ukumelana ne-Acid.I-Dacron izinzile kakhulu kuma-acids (ikakhulukazi ama-asidi e-organic) futhi icwiliswa kwisisombululo se-hydrochloric acid ngengxenye enkulu ye-5% ku-100 ℃.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-14-2022